{"id":282,"date":"2019-09-10T11:53:34","date_gmt":"2019-09-10T11:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurofreight.com\/?page_id=282"},"modified":"2019-09-10T12:07:48","modified_gmt":"2019-09-10T12:07:48","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eurofreight.com\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

EXW: Exworks <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

FCA: Free carrier <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

FAC: Free alongside ship<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

FOB: Free onboard vessel <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CFR: Cost & Freight<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CIF: Cost insurance freight<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CPT: Carriage paid to <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CIP: Carriage Insurance paid to<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DAF: Delivery at frontier <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DES: Delivered ex ship<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DEQ: Delivered ex quai duty paid<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DDU: Delivery duty unpaid <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DDP: Delivery duty paid<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3PL <\/strong>or third-party logistics provider; a supplier of logistics services that primarily uses its own assets and resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4PL <\/strong>or fourth-party logistics\nprovider; a supplier\nof supply chain co-ordination and\nmanagement services\nthat generally does not own or operate the underlying assets and resources. When acting as a lead logistics provider (LLP), <\/strong>it may also co-ordinate and integrate the services of others with complementary or supporting capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Added-value\nprocesses\/services <\/strong>Complementary\nprocesses or services applied to a\nproduct or service to increase\nits value to\ninternal or external customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aftermarket <\/strong>Activities completed after the sales process, such as the replacement and servicing of parts; particularly prevalent in the automotive industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Airfreight <\/strong>The transport of goods\nby air<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Backstage areas <\/strong>Behind-the-scenes areas of stores and shops where stock is held, and\nlogistics support\nand services are\nmanaged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bonded warehouse <\/strong>A facility or consolidation centre that is authorized by Customs to store goods. The payment of duties and taxes are only payable once the  goods  are  removed. Box car <\/strong>A <\/strong>closed freight car.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bulk container A <\/strong>large\ncontainer designed to carry bulk cargo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Campus A <\/strong>site where multiple distribution centre share resources such as employees and transport to maximize time and cost efficiencies. See also Distribution Ce nt re; Multi-user .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cons<\/strong>i<\/strong>gnme<\/strong>nt <\/strong>One\nor more items that\na carrier has accepted\nfor shipment\nat a given time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consolidation <\/strong>The combination of two or\nmore consignments to create a more economical freight solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consolidation Centre A <\/strong>warehouse in\nwhich goods are packaged into larger\nunits for onward distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Container <\/strong>A sealed,\nreusable\nmetal box for the shipping of goods by sea and rail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contract logistics <\/strong>the process of outsourcing product flow management, storage and related information transfer services, usually under long-term contract, with the objective of increasing efficiency and control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Control Tower <\/strong>Bespoke packages of information services used to manage and control supply chain activities on behalf of customers and suppliers. Also known as Logistics Control Tewer (LCT). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cross-dock\/docking <\/strong>The direct flow of goods from receipt to shipping, bypassing storage. Used to reduce costs and lead\u00ad times for fast-moving and perishable goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Customs broking\n<\/strong>The handling\nof customs\nformalities around the import and export of goods on behalf of importers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demand chain <\/strong>The reverse\nof the supply chain, when the processes employed switch from push to pull.  The demand chain is driven\nby consumers rather than manufacturers of goods. See also\npull replenishment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dispatch\n<\/strong>The\nrelease of a\ncontainer to a carrier or amounts paid to a carrier to charter\nthe transport\nof goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Distribution <\/strong>The process of storing\nand transporting\nfinished goods between the end of the production line and the final customer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Distribution Centre <\/strong>(D<\/strong>C) <\/strong>A <\/strong>facility that accepts inbound consignments of raw materials,\ncomponents or\nfinished goods, divides and then\nrecombines them into outbound shipments. Many DCs also contain\nspecialized handling \/storage equipment and IT systems\nand serve as warehouses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drop shipment <\/strong>The direct shipment of goods from a manufacturer to a dealer or consumer, bypassing the\nwholesaler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

End-to-end\n<\/strong>The\ncomplete cycle\nof logistics activity. End-to\u00ad end supply chain management comprises the sourcing and transport of goods from point of origin to final customer destination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

End-of-life\n<\/strong>Goods\nthat have reached\nthe end of their shelf life; can include obsolete items that cannot be repaired.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Free\n<\/strong>Trade <\/strong>Zone <\/strong>(FTZ) A <\/strong>commercial or industrial area near a port of entry where merchandise and raw material imports are not subject to customs charges or duties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Freight\nforwarder <\/strong>A\nperson or company\ninvolved in the\ncollection, consolidation, shipping and distribution of goods from overseas countries. Typically, freight forwarders clear freight through customs,\nprepare documents and arrange\nshipping, warehousing and delivery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Freight\nmanagement <\/strong>The management\nof third-party carriers to ensure the swift, safe and cost efficient delivery of shipments, often involving the integration of a range services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Freight Transport Association <\/strong>UK trade association serving the transport interests of companies moving goods by air, rail, road and sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Full-truckload <\/strong>(FTL) <\/strong>Where goods being shipped\noccupy a complete truck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Garments\non <\/strong>hangers <\/strong>Standard containers fitted with bars and ropes to keep the clothes neat so they can be put\nstraight on to shop shelves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G<\/strong>l<\/strong>obalization <\/strong>The internationalization of\ntrade, by which domestic\neconomies become interdependent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Home delivery <\/strong>The transportation of goods to customers’ locations of choice (including workplaces); can also refer to order fulfillment. Most e-commerce sales involve home delivery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Internati<\/strong>ona<\/strong>l <\/strong>Air Transport\nAssociation <\/strong>(IA<\/strong>TA<\/strong>) <\/strong>Trade association serving airlines,\ngovernments, passengers, shippers and travel agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inb<\/strong>ound <\/strong>logistics <\/strong>The movement of raw materials and components from suppliers\/vendors to\nproduction processes and\nstorage facilities. International inbound logistics is\nthe management of\nthe international inbound supply chain \non behalf of retailers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I<\/strong>nbound-to-<\/strong>manufa<\/strong>cturing <\/strong>The sourcing\nand transport of goods from their point of\norigin\/manufacture\nthrough to the\nmanufacturing facility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In<\/strong>-sto<\/strong>re l<\/strong>og<\/strong>istics <\/strong>The provision of pre-retailing services within\nshops, often in\nbackstage areas. Services can include\nstock replenishment, storage\nand packaging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Int<\/strong>egrated <\/strong>logis<\/strong>tics<\/strong>\/<\/strong>supply\n<\/strong>chain\n<\/strong>The management of\nmultiple supply chain components as a single entity on a global\nor regional scale. This practice can result in a more efficient supply chain and lower costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inter-<\/strong>modal <\/strong>The coordinated\nmovement of freight using different methods of transport,\nwhich is often a combination of truck and rail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Int<\/strong>ernational <\/strong>inbound <\/strong>l<\/strong>ogistics\/supply chain <\/strong>See inbound logistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inv<\/strong>entory <\/strong>Stocks of raw materials, components, work in progress, finished goods and other\nsupplies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just-in-time <\/strong>Activities, including deliveries, completed at the right time in order to meet production\u00a0 and client\u00a0 schedules. These techniques help companies improve their return on investment by reducing in-process inventor\u00ad\u00ad\u00ady and its associated cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kerbside <\/strong>Delivery to and\/or collection from the roadside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitting <\/strong>The assembly of components to make a\nsingle item.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Last <\/strong>50 yards\/mile <\/strong>The transfer of goods from\nthe rear of the delivery vehicle to the store shelf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lead\nlogistics provider\/partner (LLP) See 4PL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Less-than-truckload\n(LTL) <\/strong>A shipment that does\nnot fill a standard truck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logistics <\/strong>The process of planning, implementing and controlling the\nefficient and cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process\nstocks, finished goods and related information from the point of origin to the\npoint of consumption for customers. Put more simply, it is the science and art\nof ensuring that the right products reach the right place in the right quantity\nat the right time in order to satisfy consumer demand. Logistics encompasses\nwarehousing, transport, added-value\/pre-retailing services and IT solutions and\ncovers inbound, outbound, internal, international and reverse product flows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logistics\nre-engineering <\/strong>The study and re-design of logistics\nprocesses to achieve a significant improvement in performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logistics service provider (LSP) <\/strong>An organization that offers 3PL or 4PL services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logistics Control Tower (LCT) <\/strong>See Control\nTower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logistics\noutsourcing <\/strong>See outsourcing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multi-modal <\/strong>Shipping that includes at least two modes of transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multi-user <\/strong>Typically, a storage site used by more than one manufacturer or\norganization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Distribution Centre (NOC) <\/strong>See Distribution Centre (DC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Origin services <\/strong>Support\/added-value functions offered at the point of origin of merchandise or materials. Can include buying, purchase order management, vendor compliance, quality inspection, document management, container optimization, pick\u00ad and-pack, pallet loading, customs processing and consolidation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pull replenishment <\/strong>The customer-driven flow of materials and merchandise through the supply chain. See also demand chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Railfreight <\/strong>The transport of goods by rail. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roadfreight <\/strong>The transport of goods by road.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Real-time <\/strong>In the present. A <\/strong>real-time system\nthat enables an immediate response to external\nevents. Often used in relation to tracking; see also track-and-trace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roadside <\/strong>See\nkerbside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reverse logistics <\/strong>The process of collecting, handling\nand transporting used, damaged, unwanted or end-of-life goods and\/or packaging for disposal, recycling\nor recovery. Can also\nrefer to the return of re-usable transit equipment (pallets, containers etc.)\nto a point further up the supply chain (i.e. upstream).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RFID\/smart labels <\/strong>RFID\nis radio frequency identification, a\nsystem that uses radio signals to locate and identify merchandise, batched products or\ntransportation assets fitted\nwith special electronic tags. The tags, also known as smart labels or intelligent tags,\nenable the automatic track-and-trace of merchandise\/assets throughout the supply chain. RFID can help\nto reduce administration, improve productivity, optimize the use of warehousing space and increase accuracy and control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Routing <\/strong>The process for arranging the course of direction of goods for transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seafreight <\/strong>The transport of goods by sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Service logistics <\/strong>Logistics activities\nrelating to the management of parts to and from customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shared-user <\/strong>See\nmulti-user.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solution sets <\/strong>Packages of core services that cover\nmultiple supply chain activities. Solution sets are based on standardized\nprocesses and pre-configured IT products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sourcing <\/strong>The practice of locating and\nprocuring goods and products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sub-assembly <\/strong>The processes for putting together individual units to fit with other components to make a finished product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Supply chain A <\/strong>linked set of resources and processes that begins with the sourcing of raw materials and ends with the delivery of merchandise to the final customer. It covers vendors, manufacturing facilities, logistics service providers, internal distribution centres, distributors, wholesalers and other intermediaries. See also demand chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Supply chain management <\/strong>The coordinated control of the supply\nchain, from the acquisition of raw\nmaterials from vendors through their\ntransformation into\nfinished goods to the delivery of merchandise to the final customer.\nIt involves end-to-end information sharing, planning, resource synchronization\nand performance measurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TEU <\/strong>or 20-foot equivalent unit; the standard size of a\nseafreight container.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temperature-controlled <\/strong>Th storage of goods within a certain temperature range as\nrequired by the product type,\ne.g. chilled and frozen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time-definite <\/strong>A freight delivery service that specifies or guarantees a\nday or time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Track-and-trace <\/strong>The process for recording the\nprogress of a consignment through\nthe supply chain, usually in or near real\u00ad time, in order to track its status or trace its movements. Sophisticated Control Tower systems function as a single point of\ncontrol, delivering centralized command of the supply chain with full visibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transload <\/strong>The transfer of 40ft container loads\ninto truck\u00ad driven 53ft containers to reduce costs per unit and achieve faster and more accurate deliveries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Truckload <\/strong>FTL and LTL\nabove.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Upstream <\/strong>See reverse logistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unit cost <\/strong>The total cost of\nproducing a single unit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Value-added\nservices <\/strong>See added-value services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vendor consolidation <\/strong>The process for managing various vendors in order\nto consolidate multiple LTL shipments within\na consignment to reduce costs and\nimprove delivery efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vendors <\/strong>The sellers of products\nand services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visibility <\/strong>The ability to view detailed information about supply chain management\nprocesses, typically in real\nor near real\u00ad\ntime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warehouse\/warehousing\n<\/strong>See distribution centre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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EXW: Exworks FCA: Free carrier FAC: Free alongside ship FOB: Free onboard vessel  CFR: Cost & Freight CIF: Cost insurance freight CPT: Carriage paid to  CIP: Carriage Insurance paid to DAF: Delivery at frontier  DES: Delivered ex ship DEQ: Delivered ex quai duty paid DDU: Delivery duty unpaid  DDP: Delivery duty paid 3PL or third-party […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurofreight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/282"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurofreight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurofreight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eurofreight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eurofreight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=282"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eurofreight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/282\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurofreight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}